Stakeholders

Mitchell, R.K., Agle, B.R., Wood, D.J., 1997. Toward a theory of stakeholder identification and salience: Defining the principle of who and what really counts. Academy of management review 22, 853–886. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1997.9711022105

The salience model https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stakeholder_analysis#cite_note-MitchellToward97-7 uses three dimensions: legitimacy (A), power (B), and urgency (C). It is represented in a Venn diagram https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venn_diagram, that has 8 regions each associated to a specific stakeholder type.

Stakeholder types as described by the salience model:

• Discretionary stakeholders: These stakeholders have little urgency or power and are unlikely to exert much pressure. They have legitimate claims. (yellow region)
• Dormant stakeholders: These stakeholders have much power but no legitimacy or urgency and therefore are not likely to become heavily involved. (blue region)
• Demanding stakeholders: These stakeholders have little power or legitimacy but can make much “noise” because they want things to be addressed immediately. (red region)
• Dominant stakeholders: These stakeholders have both formal power and legitimacy, but little urgency. They tend to have certain expectations that must be met. (green region)
• Dangerous stakeholders: These stakeholders have power and urgency but are not really pertinent to the project. (purple region)
• Dependent stakeholders: These stakeholders have urgent and legitimate stakes in the project but little power. These stakeholders may lean on another stakeholder group to have their voices heard. (orange region)
• Definitive stakeholders: These stakeholders have power, legitimacy and urgency and therefore have the highest salience. (white region at the intersection of all other regions)
• Non-stakeholders: These stakeholders have no power, legitimacy or urgency. (outside the regions defined by the circles A, B, and C)

~~DISCUSSION|Discussion Section~~