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--- topics:infrastructure [2026/03/27 08:15] – admin
+++ topics:infrastructure [2026/04/20 13:09] (current) – vso_vso
@@ Line 18: / Line 18: @@
 </WRAP>
-<WRAP insight>
-Electricity grids are critical infrastructure that underpins most other systems; digitalisation expands their capabilities but also their attack surface, requiring integrated cyber-physical governance.
-</WRAP>
 ===== Why this matters =====
@@ Line 27: / Line 24: @@
 <WRAP callout>
-Digitalisation makes new forms of grid coordination possible — and introduces new vulnerabilities that did not exist in analogue systems.
+Digitalisation makes new forms of grid coordination possible but also introduces new vulnerabilities that did not exist in analogue systems.
 </WRAP>
@@ Line 49: / Line 46: @@
 Member states are required to identify critical entities, assess their risks, and ensure they have resilience plans in place. Implementation pace has varied considerably across the EU, with most member states missing the October 2024 transposition deadline.((European Parliament and Council of the European Union. (2022). Directive (EU) 2022/2557 on the resilience of critical entities. //Official Journal of the European Union//, L 333, 164–198. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2022/2557/oj))
 </WRAP>
-@@GAP@@ Non-EU case needed: add a case showing how critical infrastructure governance is structured in a non-European context (e.g. US NERC CIP standards, or a national framework in Asia or Latin America).
 ==== Technologies and infrastructure ====
@@ Line 60: / Line 55: @@
 Under NIS2, electricity generators, transmission and distribution operators above defined size thresholds must implement risk management measures, report significant incidents within 24 to 72 hours, and demonstrate supply chain security.((European Parliament and Council of the European Union. (2022). Directive (EU) 2022/2555 on measures for a high common level of cybersecurity across the Union. //Official Journal of the European Union//, L 333, 80–152. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2022/2555/oj))
 </WRAP>
-@@GAP@@ Technical case needed: add a case illustrating a specific cyber-physical vulnerability or resilience measure at the grid level, with technical specificity.
 ==== Institutional structures ====
@@ Line 71: / Line 64: @@
 NIS2 governs cybersecurity obligations while the CER Directive addresses physical resilience of critical entities. Together they form a dual-track framework, though coordination between the two remains a work in progress at both EU and national levels.((European Parliament and Council of the European Union. (2022). Directive (EU) 2022/2557. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2022/2557/oj))
 </WRAP>
-@@GAP@@ Non-EU institutional case needed.
 </WRAP>
@@ Line 96: / Line 87: @@
 Formatting pass 26 March 2026. Changes: catbadge corrected; duplicate status lines removed from catbadge; status field added to meta; AI statement moved from bottom of page to ai-use field in meta; superscript footnote references converted to inline DokuWiki footnotes; case examples wrapped in WRAP case blocks; insight block added (152 chars); section heading corrected to Shared definitions; Distinctions section added; tag-based Related topics converted to direct links; References heading removed.
-Scope note: this topic does not appear in the current tracker (#1–49). Check whether it maps to #31 Infrastructure or whether it should be added as a new entry. Slug used here is critical_infrastructure.
+Should be integrated into broader infrastructure topic.
+@@GAP@@ Non-EU institutional case needed.
+@@GAP@@ Technical case needed: add a case illustrating a specific cyber-physical vulnerability or resilience measure at the grid level, with technical specificity.
+@@GAP@@ Non-EU case needed: add a case showing how critical infrastructure governance is structured in a non-European context (e.g. US NERC CIP standards, or a national framework in Asia or Latin America).
 @@GAP@@ Both non-EU case gaps noted in Perspectives need filling before in-review status.
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